It has been a long journey from spaceflights lasting only a few days to the current ones of around six months, or even longer. In addition, exploratory missions to the Moon and/or Mars are more than a simple idea, with colonisation as the ultimate future...
One of the crucial aspects of deep space exploration is facing the effects of microgravity on living organisms. In fact, it is known that the space environment causes a progressive loss of mass of the musculoskeletal system. On board of the International Space Station (ISS),...
During a long-duration spaceflight it is pivotal the maintenance of crew health and performance, resulting in so essential the possibility to provide an effective medical treatment. Space medication has problems related to efficacy. Along with altered physiology associated with spaceflight, including effects on immune function...
Epigenetics focuses on any process that alters gene expression and cellular phenotype through chromatin remodelling with histone modifications, DNA methylation and RNA interference, without changing the DNA nucleotide sequence. External stimuli detected by the body, such as differences in the environment, exposure to chemicals or...
Long-term space missions in extreme environmental conditions underline the importance of telemedicine as a necessary means to provide medical support even at several hundred kilometres from Earth. Telemedicine is the combination of two words: "Tele" meaning "distance" and "Medicine" meaning "to heal", also defined by...